{"id":120757,"date":"2026-03-05T18:05:22","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T17:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.architecturedecollection.fr\/?p=120757"},"modified":"2026-03-23T13:03:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-23T12:03:37","slug":"royan-au-temps-de-la-reconstruction-un-nouveau-modele-de-ville-balneaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.architecturedecollection.fr\/en\/royan-au-temps-de-la-reconstruction-un-nouveau-modele-de-ville-balneaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Royan during the Reconstruction era : a new model of a seaside town"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” row_position_desktop=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none”][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/1″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”med”]Destroyed after the Second World War, Royan became a laboratory for reconstruction in 1950s France. Architects and urban planners experimented and reinvented the seaside town through a bold blend of modernist, Beaux-Arts, and international influences. This heritage reflects a rich and creative era and continues to receive special attention today.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=”121056″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”small”]\u00a9 R. Riehl \u2013 Ville de Royan<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”20″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none” css=”” text_direction=”default”]In the aftermath of the Second World War, the city of Royan was declared devastated, like many French coastal towns such as Le Havre, Amiens, and Saint-Malo. The resumption of construction activity after the conflict, made possible in particular by the Marshall Plan, ensured its reconstruction.<\/p>\n

In 1944, the French government established the Ministry of Reconstruction and Urban Planning, which was tasked with rebuilding nearly 2.5 million destroyed buildings. Under a highly hierarchical system, chief architects were appointed to draw up master plans for cities, group chief architects were responsible for designing different blocks, and finally, project architects were assigned responsibility for one or more individual buildings.<\/p>\n

In Royan, the reconstruction was entrusted to Georges Vaucheret, an architect and former mayor of the city, and Claude Ferret, who was appointed chief architect and urban planner.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=”121226″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”small”]\u00a9 Model of the seafront, Techniques & Architecture, september 1952<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”20″][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”med”]The expression of an architectural eclecticism<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css_animation=”none” css=”” text_direction=”default”]This very particular context raises questions about the formal and aesthetic choices to be made, especially as shortages and difficulties in transporting certain materials constrained designers. Should the town be rebuilt identically, or should there be room for interpretation ? In the latter case, which architectural vocabulary should be favored? Clearly, the Reconstruction did not produce a single type of architecture but resulted in highly heterogeneous solutions, of which Royan is one of the most significant examples.[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”121049″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”121054″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”small”]\u00a9 Views of the seafront, R. Riehl \u2013 Ville de Royan<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”20″][vc_column_text css_animation=”none” css=”” text_direction=”default”]Georges Vaucheret and Claude Ferret envisioned an entirely new type of seaside town, organized around wide boulevards serving iconic buildings. The seafront, stretching over 600 meters, features two large wings housing apartments and ground-floor shops. This layout, closely resembling the Trocad\u00e9ro in Paris, reflects the influence of the Beaux-Arts style in the project\u2019s design, combined with modernist architecture. At the rear, U-shaped buildings with sloped roofs are inserted, creating a contrast with the seafront through a more traditional aesthetic.[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”121015″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][image_with_animation image_url=”121011″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”121004″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][image_with_animation image_url=”121013″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”small”]\u00a9 Views of the central market, R. Riehl \u2013 Ville de Royan<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”20″][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default”]A second major axis, this time perpendicular to the beach, connects it to the Royan market, designed by Louis Simon and Andr\u00e9 Morisseau. The choice of a self-supporting inverted corolla, resembling a seashell, makes it a truly expressive piece of architecture. Its highly expressive parabolic lines and bright colors evoke the “Googie” style, inspired by the space race and the technological advances of the era.[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”121045″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”121229″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default”]Further to the west stands another iconic building in the city of Royan, the Church of Notre-Dame de Royan. Its designer, Guillaume Gillet, envisioned a modern work with Gothic inspirations. Its bold monumentality and raw concrete contrast with the rest of the town, where light and colorful facades prevail. The saddle-shaped roof, suspended like a tent, unifies a structure made of V-shaped prestressed pillars, between which tall glass panels are inserted.[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”121063″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”121231″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”small”]\u00a9 Views of the Church of Notre-Dame de Royan, R. Riehl \u2013 Ville de Royan<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”20″][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default”]Alongside these major projects, many individual houses, equally eclectic, began to emerge. At the start of the reconstruction, a first trend took hold, marked by \u201cSaintongeais\u201d regionalism and pre-war models such as the castel or chalet. The plans were simple, rectangular or square, and paired with two- or four-sided tiled roofs.<\/p>\n

It was only from 1952 that a significant number of building permit applications for modern villas were submitted, including the \u201cOasis\u201d villa, designed by Pierre Marmouget. Strongly inspired by the new Brazilian architecture\u2014introduced in France in 1947 through issues 13\u201314 of Architecture d\u2019Aujourd\u2019hui<\/em>\u2014he designed a single-story villa with smooth, horizontal, streamlined lines, perched on a series of pilotis. Its boomerang-shaped plan gave rise to its common name, the \u201cBoomerang\u201d villa.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=”121001″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][vc_row_inner column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” text_align=”left” row_position=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” pointer_events=”all”][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”120999″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” overflow=”visible” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/2″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][image_with_animation image_url=”121037″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”small”]\u00a9 Views of the villa “Oasis”, R. Riehl \u2013 Ville de Royan<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”20″][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”med”]A city committed to the protection of its heritage<\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default”]In 2010, Royan was awarded the label \u201cCity of Art and History,\u201d reflecting its active commitment to preserving and promoting its architectural heritage. This dedication is expressed through educational outreach initiatives aimed at both visitors and residents, including lectures, exhibitions, guided tours, and workshops.<\/p>\n

On July 1, 2023, the Interpretation Center for Architecture and Heritage (Centre d’Interpr\u00e9tation de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine, CIAP) opened within the Palais des Congr\u00e8s. This space features a permanent exhibition tracing the architectural and urban development of the city.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=”120997″ image_size=”full” max_width=”100%” max_width_mobile=”default” animation_type=”entrance” animation=”None” animation_movement_type=”transform_y” hover_animation=”none” alignment=”center” border_radius=”none” box_shadow=”none” image_loading=”default”][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default” el_class=”small”]\u00a9 View of the CIAP, R. Riehl \u2013 Ville de Royan<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”30″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” column_margin=”default” column_direction=”default” column_direction_tablet=”default” column_direction_phone=”default” scene_position=”center” text_color=”dark” text_align=”left” row_border_radius=”none” row_border_radius_applies=”bg” row_position_desktop=”default” row_position_tablet=”inherit” row_position_phone=”inherit” overflow=”visible” disable_element=”yes” overlay_strength=”0.3″ gradient_direction=”left_to_right” shape_divider_position=”bottom” bg_image_animation=”none” gradient_type=”default” shape_type=””][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”2\/3″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][vc_column_text css=”” text_direction=”default”]Vous \u00eates propri\u00e9taire d\u2019un bien situ\u00e9 dans un \u00e9difice embl\u00e9matique en C\u00f4te Atlantique et souhaitez faire estimer sa valeur ? Vous souhaitez transmettre votre bien \u00e0 un acqu\u00e9reur sensible et en capacit\u00e9 de le pr\u00e9server ? Vous \u00eates en recherche d’un bien remarquable en C\u00f4te Atlantique ? <\/span><\/p>\n

Notre \u00e9quipe sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e est \u00e0 votre \u00e9coute !<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][divider line_type=”No Line” custom_height=”10″][\/vc_column][vc_column column_padding=”no-extra-padding” column_padding_tablet=”inherit” column_padding_phone=”inherit” column_padding_position=”all” flex_gap_desktop=”10px” column_element_direction_desktop=”default” column_element_spacing=”default” desktop_text_alignment=”default” tablet_text_alignment=”default” phone_text_alignment=”default” background_color_opacity=”1″ background_hover_color_opacity=”1″ column_backdrop_filter=”none” column_shadow=”none” column_border_radius=”none” column_link_target=”_self” column_position=”default” gradient_direction=”left_to_right” overlay_strength=”0.3″ width=”1\/6″ tablet_width_inherit=”default” animation_type=”default” bg_image_animation=”none” border_type=”simple” column_border_width=”none” column_border_style=”solid”][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=”in_container” full_screen_row_position=”middle” 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